A Model for Organic Matter of Fields Fertilized with Anaerobic Digestion Reactor Effluent
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
75-81
Received:
17 May 2021
Accepted:
28 May 2021
Published:
30 October 2021
Abstract: Soil fertility in agriculture is maintained by recalcitrant organic matter in manures and crop residues that are recycled to the fields. In some countries crop residues are burned in the field and in others these are collected and burned in furnaces as a source of renewable energy. These practices reduce the organic matter of the soils which is essential for their fertility. Anaerobic digestion installations convert manures and crop residues (mainly straw) into carbon dioxide, methane and other components. There remains a residue of recalcitrant organic material. The methane is is used as a source of renewable energy. The objective of this study is to determine the reduction in soil organic matter due to the anaerobic digestion of straw and cattle manure. The dynamics of the decay process of straw in the soil has been applied to the anaerobic digestion of these substrates. The decay of the organic material in the effluent of anaerobic digestion installations recycled to the fields has been modelled and compared to the decay of the substrates in the soil, without anaerobic digestion. The few field data on the effect of the effluent of anaerobic digestion reactor show no or little variation, compared to those when the substrates are directly applied to the fields. Around 45% of the energy content of straw and manures can be used as a source of renewable energy. The contribution to the soil organic matter of recycled effluent is 85% of that of the substrates directly applied to the soil.
Abstract: Soil fertility in agriculture is maintained by recalcitrant organic matter in manures and crop residues that are recycled to the fields. In some countries crop residues are burned in the field and in others these are collected and burned in furnaces as a source of renewable energy. These practices reduce the organic matter of the soils which is ess...
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Introduction to Energy Efficiency Through Bioclimatic Design: Case Studies, Quantitative Verifications and Regulatory Management
Maria Jose Panvini,
Romina Saldi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
82-91
Received:
4 August 2021
Accepted:
17 August 2021
Published:
23 November 2021
Abstract: Optional Curriculum Subject "Introduction to energy efficiency for housing" seeks to internalize in students the need to conceive project idea through an integral thought that contemplates design guidelines with passive architecture criteria and link theoretical topics taught in different subjects of Architecture career in relation to energy efficiency to be applied in the project practice in a concrete way. It is essential to introduce the importance of using natural and climatic resources responsibly, these being crucial for people, society and environment. Investigating a series of project resources allows mitigating and reducing environmental impact generated by a building as a contribution to climate change. Digital tools and calculation methods will allow verification of the correct location of construction on site, study orientations, solar radiation, prevailing winds and efficient envelope design preferably materialized with materials from the region. The knowledge of site and climate and correct control and management of energy and materials, are aspects that make the project sustainable, therefore, they are taken into account in the teaching of the subject as a starting point in the student's task as a future professional of architecture. The proposed practical exercise must comply certain items that are partially and methodologically resolved as the theory is taught. We work on three types of single-family homes on ground floor implanted in a bioclimatic area of your choice. Students must analyze them according to climatic principles and strategies to determine which typology is best adapted according to the passive design criteria and recommendations for said area. This implies verifying dimensional and energy indicators and building thermal quality of buildings. Through modality of integration seminar that consists of a graphic and quantitative synthesis, debate and exchange of ideas and final reflections are carried out. The objectives indicated from the teaching-learning were successfully achieved, with the theoretical topics applied correctly. Use of digital tools, thermographic images and 3D modeling was evidenced.
Abstract: Optional Curriculum Subject "Introduction to energy efficiency for housing" seeks to internalize in students the need to conceive project idea through an integral thought that contemplates design guidelines with passive architecture criteria and link theoretical topics taught in different subjects of Architecture career in relation to energy effici...
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