Research Article
A Subsea System for Hydrogen Production from the Black Sea
Samkit Shah
,
Huseyin Murat Cekirge*
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
1-14
Received:
26 December 2024
Accepted:
26 January 2025
Published:
17 February 2025
Abstract: The Black Sea is a unique sea since it is one of the most isolated seas in the world. It is also the world’s largest sea containing H2S layers from the depths of 200 m. Water up to 150 m is the only water that supports the unique ecosystem of the Black Sea. The more saturated the water, the deeper it goes. These dense water layers have been saturated with H2S because of the decaying organic matter. H2S is generally considered a pollutant; however, it is also an excellent source for the production of H2 which is an excellent fuel. In this paper, we will discuss the various methods for production of hydrogen from the Black Sea. We will also look into the feasibility of an offshore Hydrogen production plant. The Black Sea is one of the most unique seas in the world. The African and Eurasian plates, among other tectonic plates, converge at the Black Sea basin. A depression was formed in the area millions of years ago as a result of stretching Earth’s crust due to tectonic forces. The Black Sea was originally a much smaller freshwater lake. It was connected to the Mediterranean Sea at different times in Earth’s history by natural waterways like the Bosporus and Dardanelles Straits. The Black Sea was a part of a wider, connected body of water when these straits were open. Isolation: The Black Sea became isolated from the Mediterranean as a result of the Bosporus and Dardanelles becoming shallower and narrower over time due to geological processes and sea level fluctuations. A closed sea that was brackish formed as a result of this isolation, which is thought to have happened between 7,000 and 9,000 years ago. After being cut off from the Mediterranean, the Black Sea started to develop on its own. The Black Sea’s Sea level varied because of a number of causes, such as shifts in the water balance and glacial cycles. At the Last Glacial Maximum, which occurred about 20,000 years ago, the Black Sea’s water level was much lower than it is now. The Black Sea gradually filled as sea levels rose and the glaciers withdrew; however, the sea water up to only 150 m keeps the Black’s sea ecosystem. Near the deepest parts of the Black Sea, H2S is produced by sulfur reducing bacteria at a rate of 10000 tons per day. This poses a threat to the ecosystem of the Black Sea. It is also mentioned the existence of hydrogen isotopes which are deuterium and tritium and their production possibilities.
Abstract: The Black Sea is a unique sea since it is one of the most isolated seas in the world. It is also the world’s largest sea containing H2S layers from the depths of 200 m. Water up to 150 m is the only water that supports the unique ecosystem of the Black Sea. The more saturated the water, the deeper it goes. These dense water layers have been saturat...
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Research Article
IoT-Enabled Smart Metering to Enhance Energy Management for Day-Ahead Electricity Price Forecasting
Romanch Nyaupane*,
Kushal Bhatta,
Pratit Raj Giri,
Raghav Sharma,
Ashim Joshi,
Sailesh Chitrakar,
Anup Thapa,
Brijesh Adhikary,
Bivek Baral,
Manish Pokharel
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
15-25
Received:
8 July 2025
Accepted:
24 July 2025
Published:
25 August 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajme.20251101.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: In the realm of electricity generation, the output of generating units fluctuates throughout the day mirroring the dynamic nature of energy demand. While alterations on the generation side are limited post-installation, areas for intervention exist on the demand side to stabilize the demand curve. This research explores the fusion of day-ahead pricing models with demand forecasting mechanism employing smart meter technology in the electricity market. The investigation dives into the advantages of furnishing consumers with pricing information a day in advance and empowering to make informed decisions regarding their electricity consumption. Utilizing smart meters, which provide real-time consumption data, the study aims to refine the precision of demand forecasting. The outcome of the study allows consumers to optimize their electricity usage patterns in response to anticipated price fluctuations. The research thoroughly examines methodologies and technologies underpinning day-ahead pricing and demand forecasting, assessing their combined impact on consumer behavior and grid efficiency. Through a comprehensive analysis, this research contributes to understanding how the integration of day-ahead pricing and smart meter data can cultivate a more responsive and efficient electricity market, yielding benefits for both consumers and utilities.
Abstract: In the realm of electricity generation, the output of generating units fluctuates throughout the day mirroring the dynamic nature of energy demand. While alterations on the generation side are limited post-installation, areas for intervention exist on the demand side to stabilize the demand curve. This research explores the fusion of day-ahead pric...
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